A Study Of The Negro Policeman: Book Review :: essays research papers

A Study of the inkiness Policeman Book followNicholas Alex, assistant professor of sociology at The City Universityof New York, holds a Ph.D. from the New School for Social Research and a B.S.from the Wharton School. He was formerly a look into assistant with the RussellSage Foundation, an instructor at Adelphi University, and has had workingexperience in his academic specialty-the sociology of professions andoccupations-while an industrial engineer in the aircraft industry, later asbusiness bus of the Walden School. This is his first book.In this book Alex made an effort to examine the peculiar enigmas ofNegro police workforce who live in an age which has not yet resolved to problem ofinequality in an assertedly democratic society. He drawn heavily on thereflections of forty-one Negro policemen who made plain to me the difficultiesinvolved in being caustic in blue. Alex was concerned with the ways in which themen were recruited into the police, the nature of their relations in regard totheir immediate clientele, their counterparts, and the rest of society. In thebroadest terms, the book examines the special problems that Negro policemen facein their efforts to reconcile their race with their work in the presentframework of American values and beliefs.     The research for the study was based on intense interviews collectedover a period of eleven months, from December 1964 to October 1965. During thattime the author talked with Negro police engaged in different types of policespecialties, and men of different rank and backgrounds. Alex was interested inpreserving their anonymity, and substituted code numbers for names. Thelanguage in which their themes were expressed is unchanged.     Most of the interviews were obtained either at the policemans home orthe authors. nigh were held in parks, playgrounds, and luncheonettes. All ofthe interviews were open-ended. All the policemen refused to have thereconversations ta ped. "I know too well what tapes can do to you," said one. "Ican disprove what you write down on that pad, but I cant if its taped. We usetapes too, you know." The author was dealing with a highly expressive andliterate group of men who thought of the study as a way in which they could makethemselves heard.     This book is organized very well. It consist of eight chapters, and eachchapter is broken into subdivisions. The first chapter negotiation about thepolicemen in the community. Within this chapter mainly describes the police asand occupation, and states how the policemens job is uncertain. The secondchapter deals with the recruitment of Negroes for police work.

The True American Hero :: Essays Papers

The True American Hero Heroism demands self-sacrifice, self-discipline, self-confidence and self-respect. Ulysses S. cave in had these qualities in their most complete form. He set out from disgrace beginnings, and failed. At the age of 38 was a conspicuous failure. Then, like few of us, he succeeded beyond belief. Had he not had tremendous greatness within him, he could never have accomplished what he did. How did such a simple, honest and humble man raise himself in the eyes of his people and the world to the highest position a man or woman can reach - that of a subject area hero?Grant remained a child at heart throughout his life, and seems never to have realized that he was one. His faith in the goodness of liberality was unbounded, and he was taken advantage of. His simplicity of nature was remarkable, yet this simplicity was the mainspring of his success certainly it was the first asset of his generalship. While McClellan could see nothing beyond his own operations and H alleck nothing outside of his textbooks, Grant saw things as they were, uncontaminated by his ideas or anyone elses. He saw that the entire problem of win the civil war was nothing more than an equation between pressure and resistance. The side which pressed the hardest along the lines of least resistance was going to win. His simplicity was the substructure of his modesty and honesty. He could not bear shams, pretensions and humbug. He despised after-dinner speeches and such orations because he felt they were silly he simply could not deliver them. His orders were forever and a day clear, because they were always simple, honest and modest. He could not understand why a man should be dishonest, for to him honesty always seemed the best policy. His modesty taught him self-control, and his sense of commerce was exceeded only by his duty towards his country. Self-control leads to self-respect, to dignity without arrogance, to pride without vulgarity, to ambition without self ishness, and Grant possessed all these many virtues to the highest degree.He was not dignified in the way that General Lee was, though rough and ready, he was always a gentleman, in the best meaning of the word. He was proud of his soldiers and his work, and ambitious to do his utmost for his country. He had so great a faith in the Union cause that he never for a moment lost look forward to that in the end it would succeed.

Business Model of Toyota :: essays research papers

Business Model of ToyotaAs one of the leading automobile manufacturers in the world, Toyota ranks within the top three worldwide. Due to their unique business sit down, they are now have a market share of 14% in the eldest four months of this year. That is an astonishing 2.3% jump from the previous year. According to Autodata.com, the Toyota City based automaker ranks fourth in United States sales. We have determined that their business model is an Integrated broken Cost Differentiated Strategy. It involves finding the lowest operational cost along with a unique niche or schema that separates them from the competition. Toyotas new statement Moving Forward, reflects their plans and expectations for the future. This includes the known and the unknown factors that a business must face. In 2000, Toyota launched a new cost effective strategy called CCC21 (Construction of Cost Competitiveness for the 21st century), for Low Cost operational expenses. With this aspect Toyota plans to ad vance such initiatives globally, based on its policy of purchasing the worlds best parts at the lowest cost with the shortest lead times. According to Toyota, they have undertaken a manufacturing revolution that has fundamentally changed established practices all the way mainstay to the product development and design. They have done this by integrating four areas design, production engineering, procurement, and component supply. They have achieved higher quality at lower cost by creating standardized, multipurpose components. Also the reduction in cost has heightened the value and fortifies the competitiveness of product. To do this, Toyota has required intensive coordination with its suppliers. Anformer(a) factor of their Integrated Low Cost is that Toyota steadily feeds cost improvements back into the product to raise their value along with the fact that four Toyotas seven corporate auditors are right(prenominal) corporate auditors.Toyotas Integrated Differentiated Strategy is v ery unique to the automotive industry. Its main focus, according to the president of Toyota, is that Toyota is not trying to rival other automakers Toyota is trying to conquer customers with great products and service to obtain high customer satisfaction.

Comparing John Milton’s Paradise Lost to Pleasantville Essay -- Compar

Comparing John Miltons Paradise Lost to PleasantvilleI slangt hunch if I connected the experiential dots with any dexterity regarding John Miltons Paradise Lost until I visited Disney World recently. It wasnt until rice paddy Mouse, Cinderella, Cruella De Vil, Jafar the evil sorcerer, the Beauty, and the Beast came down Main Street, U.S.A. that I was more able to appreciate the prodigiousness of the procreative masque within Paradise Lost. Panorama grabs the viewer and, with a mere touch of the remote control, it thrusts him/her into Eden, Main Street, or Pleasantville. Panorama doesnt settle for facile spectatorship it invites the viewer into the action and synchronizes the viewers urge with the pulse of its panoramas own creative slide show. To ignore that invite is to not only avoid the tree of knowledge, but to refuse its existence. That tree was not put in the garden to be ignored but to be avoided a challenge of our obedience towards a sovereign, a tempter of our curio sity, a pulse quickener.And so we sat in that respect in the cool of the shade from our own tree, askance of Main Street but within reach of the remote. We were just far enough away to get hold the parade with condescension and just close enough to feel the discomfort of the sorcerers leer. First the big mouse, indeed the princess, then Goofy, then the sorcerer, then the beast always the beast. I watched the 5-year-old near me and wondered if he felt like Adam may have felt on that lofty mount, as Michael revealed unitary dramatic historical upheaval after another. I was glad that I didnt have to worry, didnt have to get involved. I was happy to know that this bit of fancy was but a type of reality, scripted by that master of artifice, Walt Disne... ...ly delivers both of his worlds by becoming part of the panorama. He pushes the remote acquittance and affects the circumspection of the real with the creativity of the fanciful. The real and the fanciful have an almost s ingular or codependent relationship with one another neither can be ignored in attending to the health of the other. In buds situation, the absenteeism of his corporeal nature is illumined by the activism of his panoramic experience. At the end of the movie Pleasantville, Bud is able to take a satisfying look into the television screen, the conduit for his panorama, and know that he was taken out of the shade and into the light. He risked joining the pageantry and end up having a good day. Next time Ill sit closer to the parade. Work CitedMilton, John. Paradise Lost. 1674. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York W.W. Norton & Co., 1993.

To put on their clothes made one a sahib too: Mimicry and the Carnivale

To put on their clothes made one a sahib too Mimicry and the Carnivalesque in Mulk Raj Anands strongThe character of Bakha, in Anands Untouchable, is drawn from the lowest caste in Indian society, that of sweeper, or cleaner of human ordure. Despite his unpromising station in life, the central figure in the novel operates at a variety of levels in order to critique the status quo of caste in India. Well awake of his position at the nadir of Indian society, Bakha is able-via his untouchability-to interrogate issues well above his station in life, such as caste and its inequities, economics and the role of the colonizer. imputable to the very characteristics of the characters position, Anand is able to examine issues such as societys revulsion at untouchablility some local, innate societal sympathy for Bakhas plight, and the fact that in the 1930s Gandhi used his Harijans-untouchables-as a symbol for change in Indian society. This essay examines the modes by which Anand deploys mimic ry and the carnivalesque to critique Indian society in the 1930s. The seed has constructed a mimic-man, fundamentally carnivalesque in the Bakhtinian sense, who is simultaneously parodic and subversive. Indeed, the linguistic similarity Bakha/Bakhtin is in itself superficial yet tempting. For Bakhtin, Carnivalesque literature uses elements of parody, mimicry, bodily humour and grotesque display to chance on the ends of carnival, that is, to jostle from below the univocal, elevated language of high art and decorous society. During the course of his twenty-four hour period, Bakha causes widespread unease, not merely at his physical presence. Although he is aware of the six thousand years of racial and class superiority(16) that bears down on him, as he... ...remarkable breadth of issues, and it is only to be hoped that one day this text will be regarded as a useful tool in a past campaign, rather than as part of a act and unfinished project.Useful linksDalit Liberation Education Trust http//www.pcsadvt.com/dletThe Imperial Archive. http//www.qub.ac.uk/english/imperial/imperial.htmIndia Survey, Biography http//www.indiasurvey.com/biodata/mulkrajanand.htmLiterature in English of the Indian Subcontinent in the Postcolonial Web http//landow.stg.brown.edu/post/india/anand/anandov.html BibliographyAnand, Mulk Raj Untouchable London Penguin Books, 1940 Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth, and Tiffin, Helen. Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies. London Routledge, 1998.Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth, and Tiffin, Helen. The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. London Routledge, 1995.

To put on their clothes made one a sahib too: Mimicry and the Carnivale

To put on their clothes made one a sahib too Mimicry and the Carnivalesque in Mulk Raj Anands secureThe character of Bakha, in Anands Untouchable, is drawn from the lowest caste in Indian society, that of sweeper, or cleaner of human ordure. Despite his unpromising station in life, the central figure in the novel operates at a variety of levels in order to critique the status quo of caste in India. Well certain of his position at the nadir of Indian society, Bakha is able-via his untouchability-to interrogate issues well above his station in life, such as caste and its inequities, economics and the role of the colonizer. callable to the very characteristics of the characters position, Anand is able to examine issues such as societys revulsion at untouchablility some local, innate societal sympathy for Bakhas plight, and the fact that in the 1930s Gandhi used his Harijans-untouchables-as a symbol for change in Indian society. This essay examines the modes by which Anand deploys mim icry and the carnivalesque to critique Indian society in the 1930s. The indite has constructed a mimic-man, fundamentally carnivalesque in the Bakhtinian sense, who is simultaneously parodic and subversive. Indeed, the linguistic similarity Bakha/Bakhtin is in itself superficial yet tempting. For Bakhtin, Carnivalesque literature uses elements of parody, mimicry, bodily humour and grotesque display to hit the ends of carnival, that is, to jostle from below the univocal, elevated language of high art and decorous society. During the course of his sidereal day, Bakha causes widespread unease, not merely at his physical presence. Although he is aware of the six thousand years of racial and class superiority(16) that bears down on him, as he... ...remarkable breadth of issues, and it is only to be hoped that one day this text will be regarded as a useful tool in a past campaign, rather than as part of a go along and unfinished project.Useful linksDalit Liberation Education Trust ht tp//www.pcsadvt.com/dletThe Imperial Archive. http//www.qub.ac.uk/english/imperial/imperial.htmIndia Survey, Biography http//www.indiasurvey.com/biodata/mulkrajanand.htmLiterature in English of the Indian Subcontinent in the Postcolonial Web http//landow.stg.brown.edu/post/india/anand/anandov.html BibliographyAnand, Mulk Raj Untouchable London Penguin Books, 1940 Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth, and Tiffin, Helen. Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies. London Routledge, 1998.Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth, and Tiffin, Helen. The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. London Routledge, 1995.

Is Your Sore Throat Strep?

Is Your Sore Throat Strep? By Kristin Hayes, About. com Guide Updated October 06, 2009 About. com Healths Disease and Condition nitty-gritty is reviewed by the Medical Review Board Question Is Your Sore Throat Strep? It can be difficult to tell if your sore throat is strep or simply a cold virus. However, in most cases of strep throat there are some key differences. Answer The only way to know for sure if your sore throat is strep is to have a rapid strep test or a throat culture.These tests must be performed at a physicians office, but lets face it you cant go running in to the doctor every time your throat stick arounds a little scratchy. Characteristics of strep throat include a severe sore throat that may cause pain or difficulty swallowing. The back of the throat is usually very chromatic and there may be white patches in the back of the throat or on the tonsils. The tonsils and lymph nodes also may be swollen. Some people get a fever. It is not uncommon to be very tired and achy or to lose your appetite.In some cases you may get a rash. The biggest difference amid strep throat and a cold virus is that strep throat usually does not cause runny nose, congestion, sneezing or coughing. All cases of strep throat must be treated with an antibiotic to avoid serious complications including heart problems, kidney problems or Scarlett fever especially in children. For these reasons, it is very important to stop the doctor if you or your child have symptoms of strep throat.

Race and notions of intellectual inferiority in America Essay

Introduction In public schools, it could not be denied that the administrations prioritize the needs of the egg white American students. Aside from the reason that the infinite of the institution is the so-called Whites territory, the administration, being diverse consider the White American students to be more superior among the other students. In this regard, they argon able to provide the needs of the White students amply compared to how they are able to provide for those others who belong to minor races.Not to mention that these minor students belong to the misfortunate sector of the society, they are less taken care of by their administrative officers. Of course, knowing that the public schools cater to such type of students, the government of the United States sees to it that the verbalise educational institutions are able to get the possible funds that could be used in utilizing some psychological applications and therapeutic health remedies that could be do available for the students.However, as clearly stated earlier, the administration of the schools, as the trustees of the fund are given the responsibility to provide for their students directly. Due to the prejudiced attitude of several(prenominal) administrative officers, these services are not equally distributed and accessed by the students. Usually, the ones who are able to hurt full benefits of the said provisions are only the White students and their family. Psychologists claim that such neglect of student need does not only display a clear picture of racial inequality but in like manner aggravates the situation of the students who are less serviced well.Hence, instead of being progressively taught by concerned educators, minorities are left behind to learn things on their own, which they could not seemingly do because of their difficulties in learning. It may not be as obvious as it stated in this study, but actual situations suggest the fact that discriminative measures that institut ional administrations of the public schools usually overlook this need. As a result, their role in assisting the children enrolled in their institution is not completely realized.Worse case scenario suggests that the aggravation of such situations leads to deeper social depression that may not be obvious, but is felt by the students under the condition of having a learning disability and belong to a minor race in the society. As these young learners grow up they begin to see the actual results of social divide. During most periods of history, civil chastens disposed(p) by governments were often altered or withdrawn at will, which led to continued struggles for freedom of speech.Starting in the middle ages, some of the people demanded a written statement spelling out their rights, with limitations placed on government control of those rights. As a result, significant bills of rights began to be formulated. Among these was the Magna Carta, a landmark in the field of human rights. Dea ling with human rights issues have always been the main core of debate among social enthusiasts within the American region. The respect for life and the right for living that every individual is entitled to has long been a withholding topic that almost everyone is highly concerned about.Within the American history, human rights issues have also been the reason why there existed several civil movements against the state during the early decades of development within the said society. To be able to examine how these issues principally affects the present American society and its relationship with American-African minorities, relating the situation with history of the relationship that existed between the two races is essential for discussion.

Can Lord of the Flies be Classified as a Fable? Essay

A fable, by strict definition, is a short tale conveying a clear moral lesson in which the lineaments argon animals acting like hu macrocosm creations. A fable is intended to provide moral instruction and its characters and scenes are worn to suit this purpose. William Golding has referred to his refreshing, Lord of the wing, as a fable. This essay will demonstrate that in the moral lessons it offers us and in the signic reputation of its scene, characters and literary devices, the novel functions as a fable for the inherent tendency in man to revert to primal savagery once he is removed from subtlety. We are left field with the caution that evil must be acknowledged and consciously opposed.The novels status as a fable is demonstrated strongly by the moral lesson it presents to his responders. Goldings meaning is dark one, emphasizing the bleaker aspects of human nature. Rejecting the conventional, romantic notions that man is basi cry outy noble, Golding insists that evil is inherent in man. Indeed, Golding would say that the central idea behind the Lord of the Flies is that man is happenen from grace. He would go on to state that once the faade of civilization is stripped away, man is unfathomedly actuate in his behaviour by primal and brutal instincts. Evil is a force which is instinctive in man, which must be acknowledge and controlled.Goldings message for the inherent tendency in man to revert to primal savagery once he is removed from civilization is presented through the male childs gradual vent of order and descent into savagery. When the boys conduct their first meeting on the island they establish rules and methods of proper conduct. Ralph is elected by the boys as head teacher and a democratic political system is established. The boys are excited at the prospect of rules and meetings, even Jack ironically states, Weve got to have rules and obey them.After all, were not savages. Were English and the English are best at everything. So weve got to do things right. However, subsequently on in the book, when Jack forsake Ralph to form his testify tribe he declares, Bollocks to the rules and assures the boys that their tribe will not be based on rules-instead they shall have fun, hunting and feasting. The call of the conch is disregarded and autocratic system of governing commences. This bracing warrior cult establishes fortifications, political feuds, wars and methodsof torture.The loss of order and descent into savagery is further presented through the boys progression from vegetarianism to carnivorous hunting. When the boys first arrive on the island they are content to eat the ripe fruit available to them, however as the book progresses their crave for blood and meat becomes more and more apparent. Jacks first attempt to kill a pig ends unsuccessfully, that he claims that next sequence there will be no mercy. Ralph however realizes the truth of his hesitation, that he is still faintly attached to the civ ilized life he once lived and because of the outrageousness of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh because of the unbearable blood. Jacks first kill is significant in the stories plot, as it a manifestation of his own darker side and shows the extent to which his primal instincts and bloodthirstiness have taken over him.As the boys establish the technology of hunting, their kills become more violent and at last they begin to turn their bloodthirstiness on each other. Barbaric chants such as, Kill the pig Cut his throat Kill the pig Bash him in develop, as do savage dances that often end in the hurt of one of their peers. It is these rituals that eventually end in the death of Simon. The boys loss of order and descent into savagery is further shown through their worship of the Beast. Jack proposes that when we kill well leave some of the kill for it , in order to keep the threat of the Beast at bay This conduct is similar to ancient, primal rituals where offerings an d sacrifices would be left in order to please the gods. The boys have invented their own primitive righteousness which is a crude form of totemism and their worship is of blood and ultimately, the devil.Overall, like a fable, Lord of the Flies enforces a very strong message. Humans as a race have a tendency to revert to their primal, savage instincts and in doing so reveal their true sadistic and evil nature that lies within. This moral message is expressed in several shipway by the author, however especially through the boys gradual loss of order, their blood lust and their worship of the devil.The novels typic nature further enhances the books status as a fable. Thedisintegration of civilization is charted through the use of symbols, one of the major tools of the fabulist. Almost every point in the novel has a meaning of its own and a figural meaning in terms of the theme and the development of evil on the island. The setting of the novel is particularly symbolic. The island functions as a microcosm of the wider world and parallels our society in competitiveness, destructiveness and violence.The island is a perfect place in which Golding can test his theories, as being isolated it lacks society and societal laws and rules, allowing the boys to run wild and show their true inner selves. However, the presence of the wider world is never forgotten, as there are eonian mentions to the war occurring outside the island. References such as the boys evacuation, the crashing of the plane and the pod, the dogfight over the island at night and the arrival of the naval officer on the beach and his warship, show the corruption of what is happening in the real world.The island starts off as a paradise with food and drink and-rocks-blue flowers and in many ways is similar to the Garden of Eden in biblical stories. The book corresponds to this biblical story further, in that man is given a chance of Paradise but destroys it, which shows mans potential for evil. Indee d, at the end of the book the entire island is set alight. The roughly boat shaped layout of the island is symbolic in itself, the boat being an ancient symbol of civilization. The water current flowing backwards around the island is also meaningful, as it leaves the impression that civilization may be going backwards for the island and its inhabitants.The disintegration of civilization in the novel is demonstrated particularly in the symbolic nature of the characters. Described as a skinny, vivid little boy, with a glance glide path up from under a hut of straight hair that hung down, black and coarse, Simon represents the highest aspirations of the human spirit towards beauty and holiness and can be interpreted as a Christ figure. His name, which comes from the Hebrew word listener, further enhances his spiritual role, as it is also the name of one of Jesus apostles Simon Peter. Simon participates in an important symbolic dialogue with Beelzebub, who represents the lowest part of man, the source of violence, hatred, veneration and murder. The meeting represents the recognition ofthese forces in all men, even the saintly. Like Christ, Simon brought a radical new message to those around him however instead of heeding this message, his peers took him and killed him.Jack is another symbolic character in the story, however in contrast to Simon, he represents savagery and anarchy. in the beginning a prefect, Jack rediscovers in himself the instinct and compulsions of the hunter that lie buried in every man. From the beginning he is surrounded by symbolism. For example the event that his hair was red connects him immediately to connotations often associated with the devil and his name means one who supplants. Throughout the novel, Jack is a significant figure for evil and destruction and hungers for leadership positions. Jack disregards order and it is through him that the responder sees the innate evil of man, since he was the one cast off from society the ea rliest.Ralph is another central character to the novel and is the embodiment of democracy. Ralph is a likeable character from the start strong, handsome and comes from high British society. It is Ralph who establishes the use of the conch at assemblies, using it to carry out fundamental principles of democracy Ill give the conch to the next person to speakAnd he wont be interrupted . Ralph, whose name in the Anglo-Saxon row means counsel, is fair, rational and understanding, as is democracy. It is through Ralph that the responder sees the degradation of society on the island, and thereby shows them the innate evil within man. This is particularly evident when Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart.The symbolic literary devices Golding uses also enforce this novels genre as a fable. The evolution of the conch as a symbol reflects the boys gradual loss of civilization and all its fragility, beauty and innocence. In the beginning of the novel, the conch is reg arded as a toy, beautifully one-sided and ever so valuable . However, when the boys discover the true power of its voice it is used to summon meetings. As the book progresses, it becomes to be the centre of order and brass and is instrumental in creating order. It develops into a symbol of civilization, common sense anddiscipline. The fact that it is beautiful, powerful and fragile gives us an idea of how we should view civilization itself, especially later when the primal forces of evil and disorder are breaking down its influence over the boys.As the story progresses the shell summons the boys and pulls them into order from even the wilds of the island. However, as the boys descend into brutality they grow impatient with the order the conch represents, disregarding the power it bestows on the holder to speak at meetings. This is evident at Jacks feast when Ralph threatens, Ill blow the conchand call an assembly and Jack refutes, We shant hear it. The conchs destruction towards t he end of the novel destroys once and for all the boys own sense of beauty, fragile innocence, order and civilization.The title Lord of the Flies is symbolic in itself a reference to who the boys are submitting to as they give in to savagery. It is a translation of the Hebrew name Beelzebub, the devil beneath Satan himself. This title suggests the boys are becoming more evil as they establish the Lord of the Flies on a stick and begin to worship the mysterious forces of the jungle.The Beast is another important literary device used by Golding. The Beast is symbolic of the evil residing within everyone-the dark side of human nature. The Beast is first introduced by a littun who has nightmare. Initially dismissed by the older boys as imaginary, the fear of the Beast in the boys minds continues to linger and haunt them. Indeed, its presence grows stronger and more frightening with each day on the island. With the discovery of the parachutist on the mountain top, the boys are convinced it is a living thing. Jack and his tribe make sacrifices to it, whilst Piggy and Ralph opt to avoid it completely. It is only Simon who has the insight to discover the truth-that the wildcat well resided in the boys themselves, Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill Im part of you. Close, close, closeIn addition, Piggys glasses are a symbol of political insight and clear-sightedness. As an inadequate leader, Ralph depends on Piggys judgment. Ralph must see through eyes that themselves need strict lenses. Although Piggys vision is imperfect, even with glasses, it is allRalph has. The glasses are first damaged by Jack, who blurs them whilst attempting to light the fire. While the lenses remain intact, Ralph can at least go through the motions of statesmanship, however the smashing of one of the lenses diminishes Piggys effectiveness and the theft of the other by the hunters renders Piggy and Ralph helpless.Overall, the symbolic nature of Goldings setting, ch aracters and literary devices, enforce its status as a fable. The symbol is an important tool used in writing fables, as can be seen in Lord of the Flies. Whilst the figurative temperament of the setting helps to show that what is happening on the island is just a mirror of whats happening in the wider world, the representational characteristics of the characters and literary devices help to give the novel a more complex and powerful meaning.In conclusion, William Goldings Lord of the Flies is a fable, in that it conforms to the body structure and features of one. It offers us a moral lesson about the darkness of human nature, showing us that once the faade of civilization is stripped away, man is fundamentally motivated in his behaviour by primal and brutal instincts. Golding delivers this message through the symbolic characteristics of his setting, characters and literary devices-important features of a fable. Lord of the Flies offers an important lesson to all of mankind, maybe the one of the many reasons why this all time classic shall never die.And in the middle of them, with filthy, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy

Management Accounting Essay

Economists and accountants have diametrically opposite views of terms-volume profit (CVP) behaviour besides only accountants have a CVP type that is appropriate for assisting management with decision fashioningRyan BebbingtonWord Count 1796Economists and accountants have diametrically opposite views of cost-volume profit (CVP) behaviour but only accountants have a CVP model that is appropriate for assisting management with decision makingCost volume profit analysis looks into the human relationship between a squares fixed and variable costs and aggregate receiptss across a varying take of production. The model will give a predicted level of profit at a given level of production. There are many ways that CVP analysis faeces be useful for decision making, it is authorized to distinguish between the different applications of the Economists and Accountants interpretations, as well as some other factors involved in decision making.CVP analysis is utilise in management decisio ns when call production levels. To use this model effectively, Management will look at different scenarios of output, prices and costs, and see where the model predicts the theatres tax revenues will cover its tote up costs. This point is known as the breakeven point. Management fire investigate the effects of price change magnitudes, changing costs from fixed to variable such(prenominal) as salaries to complaint based pay. Managers can also investigate the outcomes from decisions such as making components in house or buying in, retaining or replacing equipment and marketing decisions. They can also investigate the sales mix. By having a prediction of the effects of these variables, managers will be able to make better decisions, as they have to a greater extent knowledge.CVP is a simplified model and thus has limitations to its analysis and predictions. When managers are alert of the limitations and how to correctly use CVP analysis it can be a powerful in any casel. Mana gers mustiness be aware that in that respect are assumptions that are made to simplify the CVP tool around, as it cannot truly model the real business, as it would be far too complicated.The economists interpretation of the CVP graph, Figure 1, is based on two main assumptions, which explain the shape of the cost and revenue submits. The first assumption, which affects the revenue curve is that the tight is competing on price competition, this means that in order to increase sales, the firm must reduce the marginal selling price of the product. This evidences the firms revenue curve to level off, as the marginal revenue falls to 0, as in figure 1b. After this point the firm is selling at a negative price, causing the firms total revenue to fall. The second assumption is based on the firms cost curve, is based on economies and diseconomies of scale. The firms economies of scale cause the variable cost per unit of measurement to decrease as production increases, as in figure 1 b.This can be referable to any of the economies of scale, such as purchasing, where a discount for bulk buying is received, managerial, where managers can become more specialised, financial where the firm is offered lower interest rank as there is a lower risk of lending. The Total cost curve will level off as these increasing returns to scale cause the production to reach a level of most efficient output. After this the firm will experience decreasing returns to scale, as the plant is operating at a higher(prenominal) production level than it was designed for, causing problems in production, such as bottlenecks in the production line. This causes the average unit cost to increase again, giving the curve its shape. It is important to understand that Economists are trying to most accurately model real world situations, rather than create a tool for management decisions.The accountants CVP model, figure 2, is based on a simpler interpretation of the cost and revenue functions, this is because Accountants are not concerned with provided an accurate representation of the cost and revenue functions, instead they wish to display the pertinent ranges, figure 3, of production for the firm. As this is the knowledge that is used for short-run decision making, as this is the time frame where the selective information is most useful for management decision making, information for massiveer shape decision making is required for board level decisions, to do with the farseeing term objectives of the company. The information that the firm uses to produce its cost and revenue curves is extracted from previous operating costs and revenues, this ensures that the information is reliable.The Accountants cost function, is a straight line, which assumes that for each additional unit produced, a standard variable cost is incurred, the assumption that production will only be occurring in a relevant range means that the firms production will not alter enough to cause increasing or decreasing returns to scale. The Accountants interpretation of the fixed cost curve is different to the Economists view because it meets the Y axis at a higher point, which indicates that the Accountants believe that firms are committed to a higher minimum level of fixed costs. This is because although a firm may reduce its fixed costs to a lower level, as in the Economists interpretation, the firm can only do this by redundancies and shutting down plants.As the Accountants model only represents a relevant range, the fixed costs cannot be reduced to this level in the short run, when this interpretation is extended outside of the relevant range, a stepped fixed cost and total function will be seen, as in figure 3. The other difference is that the revenue function is linear. This is because in the short run, firms cannot change the price of their products easily it may also be because of firms competing on non-price, rather than price competition. As Accountants make no attempt to extend the revenue function outside of the relevant range, there is no sine qua non to model the firms decrease in product price to increase demand.The Accountants interpretation of the Cost Volume Profit model is more appropriate for Management decisions, as management decisions are not concerned with long term information. This is because the Board of Directors will be making the firms long term decisions. The information that the Economists model provides, includes a lot of information outside of this relevant range, this will affect the reliability of the data in the model. The data in the model will be less reliable as it is more difficult to accurately predict the behaviour of the cost and revenue functions, outside of the relevant range, as it is not based on past sales data. It will also be more expensive to compile the information needed as it is a more complex model. It can also be argued that some managers will find it difficult to interpret the Economists model, as the information will be more complex.Managers may wish to extend the CVP model to cover longer term decisions, will need to be aware of the long term behaviour of fixed costs. In the long term, firms will have a greater control over fixed costs, they can expand depicted object by increasing floor space, hiring more supervisors and upgrading or purchasing new machinery. Which will give the firms fixed cost line a step function. Other factors will also affect the firms revenue and cost curves, such as advertising strategies, changes in political, environmental, social, economical, and legal factors, such as a change in VAT rate. These factors cannot easily be planned for and are not easily shown in long term CVP analysis, which is the main reason that CVP cannot accurately model long term production.One of the features useful for decision making, is the ability to display the information in different methods, one of these is the brim of safety. This is the difference between the expect ed sales and break even sales, expressed as a percentage of the expected sales. It shows management the level that sales can fall by before the companys revenue falls below the breakeven point. The information can also be displayed as two other charts. The first is a share chart, figure 4, in this chart, the fixed costs are shown as the difference between the variable cost line and the total cost line. The total contribution is displayed as the difference between the revenue line and the variable cost line.It is useful for showing a total contribution level at any level of output. The other presentation is the Profit volume graph, figure 5 this graph is useful because the other two charts to not directly display the profit at any given level of production as it must be calculated. The P-V graph simply displays the firms profit or loss at any given level of production. These two graphs will be useful for management decisions concerned with contribution or profits at a given level of production. Once again, the economists version of these two graphs would be far too complicated, and the information will not be reliable enough to base management decisions on.In the real world, firms will be producing multi products, and spreading the overhead costs across each of these products. A firm may wish to alter the CVP analysis to reflect their product mix. This is done by grouping production into batches. The batches revenue and variable costs will be defined as the total of the products in the batch. The values for the batch are then applied to the CVP chart in the same way as a single product.For the CVP model to be used effectively by managers, they must be aware of the assumptions made whilst preparing and gathering the information. If management are not aware of the assumptions made in the data, then they will be unable to draw relevant conclusions from the information. The assumptions i are that all other variables remain constant there is a constant sales mix, t otal costs and revenues are linear functions of output, profits are calculated using variable costing, the analysis only applies to the relevant range, costs can be divided into fixed and variable elements, it only applies to the short term, and fixed costs do not change.In conclusion, the Accountants interpretation of the CVP analysis, as shown by the underlying assumptions, will allow managers to develop a more relevant understanding of the information, so that it can be used more effectively in decision making. If managers tried to use the economists CVP graph, the cost of gathering and interpreting the data would be high, as well as making the information more difficult to understand and less reliable. In the real world, the Accountants model may be considered too simplistic, as it relies on many assumptions and conditions, which are often not met. This is why it important to understand that the Accountants CVP model may not be applicable. For the CVP analysis to be effective, m anagers must be aware of the limitations of the model, otherwise they will be unprepared for any deviations from the outputs of the model.

Resposability for Wide Spread Illeteracy

Illiteracy is known to be wide spread in different degrees. Some mess have almost no ability to read or to publish, while others can read or write most but not very well. Therefore, illiteracy several(prenominal)times may not be recognized if a person can read or write a little but not very much. Not all illiterate sight argon completely incapable of reading and writing. While some would like to find out who to blame, there is enough blame to sh be among many people. Even teachers are not free of blame for the spread of illiteracy.There are three reasons that teachers should take some responsibility for wide spread illiteracy. The first reason is that teachers are responsible to teach at their school, because that is the first place that people go to learn. As part of their job, teachers need to help students to improve their skills, such as reading, writing and comprehension. In other words, teachers have responsibility to help people to improve their knowledge because that is part of their job. If the teachers dont apply themselves in their jobs, and brighten constant efforts to teach, the students will not learn.Teachers should have the support necessary to make students strengthen their literacy skills, but they still have the responsibility of trying to improve their students. The second reason is students and parents expect teachers to combat illiteracy because no one else has so much time with the students in a place where they can study, away from television, games, and other distractions. Teachers play an important role in the life of the students, because teachers help them to worthy various challenges.For example if a student have problem understanding complex context, parents can help them, but teachers have better strategies to help them. In short, teachers are part of everyones community and they are better equipped than other people to teach students to read and write. Just as police officers are relied upon to do their jobs and to help th eir community by enforcing laws and catching criminals, teachers are relied upon to accept responsibility for teaching children, and helping them to learn to read and write.A third reason relates to teachers share responsibility with other people. In other words, it is not only teachers who are responsible for illiteracy. Even if teachers do their jobs and truly try to improve their community by fighting illiteracy, other people must do their part. For example, the students themselves must accept responsibility if they do not learn. Many students prefer to be entertained and to do fun things rather than to learn to read and write. While they will try to blame others for their failure, they must also accept blame. Parents also take some responsibility.They should not be satisfied with a child who cannot read or write, and part of their parental responsibilities includes educating their children even if they do not want to be educated and guarantee to avoid education. In conclusion, for that reasons mentioned teacher should take some responsibility for wide spread illiteracy. Teachers help students to improve their ability to read and understand. As teachers they need to conduct the support that people need to master their goal in life. Helping the students and encouraging them to become better thinkers, that is the responsibility for the teachers and parents as a community.

Kings David and Solomon: from 10th Century B.C.E. to Present Day Controversy

poufs David and Solomon From 10th Century B. C. E. to present day Controversy Introduction Perhaps the most famous rare Testament pooves, as well as both of the most famous Hebrew heroes of all time were, force Solomon and his father poof David. Their stories guide been told time and time once again throughout the ages passed down orally for centuries, then ulterior reproduced and shared all over the globe as intricate portions of many historical religious texts including the Torah, the record and the Holy Bible. Biblical sources include I Chronicles, I Kings, Ecclesiastes, as well as the accounts of many prophets. gain groundmore, King David and King Solomon have been attri buted to writing several Old Testament books including the Song of Solomon, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and various Psalms. Historically, David is known for uniting the Kingdom of Israel, replacing Hebron and making Jerusalem its capitol, as well as establishing a dynasty that was held sacred in the hearts and hopes of the Jews for centuries after its demise. His son and successor Solomon is most noted for advancing Davids kingdom and for building the First Temple.In fact, according to Abba Eban (1999), author of over half(prenominal) a dozen historical reference books on Jewish history as well as the PBS television series Civilization and the Jews, Solomons Temple was the crowning glory of a building program that rivaled those of the Pharaohs (p. 50). Archaeologists form of address to have found remnants of Solomons Temple as well in the multifariousness of a tablet dated tenth century B. C. E. (Carpenter, 2003, p. 46). However, not all historians and archaeologists agree to the authenticity of the tablet or even to the extent of King David and King Solomons rule.Recently, controversy has erupted concerning whether or not, King David and King Solomon, of the Old Testament (also known as the Jewish Bible) were actually the grand builders of the united north-south monarchy in old-f ashi oned Palestine attributed to them through the Bible and said to unravel after their demise (Halken, 2006, p. 41). The Legacies of David and Solomon According to Rogerson (1999) It is no surprise that David should be one of the most important figures in the bible. As printed in the tradition his achievements were outstanding.Before his reign Israel was a defeated vassal people. at bottom a few years David made Israel free, and even extended his defend over some small neighbouring peoples. Before his reign thither was no one dominant political or religious centre in Israel. Within a few years Jerusalem had obtained a centrality that it never subsequently lost (p. 82). David was born around 1040 B. C. E. in Bethlehem, Judah (Castel, 1985, p. 87). He grew up the youngest of eight sons of Jesse, and has been cerebrate with the Ammonite royal family (Rogerson, 1999, p. 78 2 Samuel, 10 1-2 1725-7).As a teenager David joined the entourage of Israeli King Saul as a minstrel and harps ichord player. It was during this time period that he first gained notoriety when he defeated the ominous giant Goliath armed with a untainted slingshot. In 1 Samuel 1820-30 it states that with a dowry of 200 Philistine foreskins he married King Sauls daughter Michal. Unfortunately, Davids matrimonial bliss was cut short by the jealousy of his impertinently father-in-law. Already a seasoned warrior David was praised as a military force with songs proclaiming Saul has slay his thousands, and David his ten thousands (Rogerson, 1999, p. 78).While fleeing Sauls armies to the south, David accomplished a great many military victories alongside his former enemies the Philistines, as described in 1 Samuel. though his military reign started as an almost nomadic band with him a robin-hood like bandit-chief, his strategic prowess was realized by the Judean elders and he was proclaimed King of Judah in Hebron, c. a. 1010 (although some texts have him proclaiming himself King of Judah) (Cast el, 1985, p. 89 Halkin, 2006, p. 41). He unified the Israeli tribes to the north and Judah to south and became the ruler of all of Israel seven years later following the last of King Saul c. a. 000 B. C. E. (Castel, 1985, pp. 87-89 Grant, 1984, pp. 75-78 Learsi, 1949, pp. 49-51 Rogerson, 1999, pp. 79-80 2 Samuel, c. a. 1100-1010 B. C. E. , pp. 505-555). In a brilliant political move David took over the Jebusite city of Jerusalem and made it the capitol of the new United Kingdom of Israel thenceforward to be honored as the City of David (2 Samuel, 1997, pp. 505-555 Eban, 1999, p. 47). Moving the capitol to Jerusalem was an ingenious move on Davids part since it placed him geographically between the northern tribes of Israel and the former Judah. This also unified the Hebrew nation politically since Jerusalem was a fresh tart, not being formerly of Israel or Judah. In order to unify the nation religiously David (with the help of King Hiram of Tyre) built a palace on Mount Zion where he housed the Ark of the Covenant (Castel, 1985, p. 90 Eban, 1999, p. 49 Halkin, 2006, p. 43 Learsi, 1949, p. 55 Rogerson, 1999, pp. 81-82). He then set out to expand his kingdom taking over and taxing all of Canaan (Rogerson, 1999, p. 82). King David ruled Israel for the next 33 years (Castel, 1985, p. 89 Harkin, 2006, p. 41). Unfortunately the house of David, like many great monarchs (especially those who practiced polygamy) faced great diplomatic face-to-face odds.Among them was internal dissent including a great deal of palace intrigue that was coupled with Davids personal struggles involving subduing his strong passionate nature (1 Samuel, 1997, pp. 439-504 2 Samuel, 1997, pp. 505-555). As for Solomon, his controversial legacy began before his birth with the scandalous circumstances surrounding his parents union. His mother, Bathsheba, had been married to another man when David saw her, had her, and then had her husband put to death by placing him on the front lines of battle (Rogerson, 1999, p. 85). Since Bathsheba was a favorite of Davids he promised her that her son would be his successor.It took some clever maneuvering but Solomon was proclaimed King of Israel in c. a. 960 (Harkin, 2006, p. 43). Solomons reign was characterized by his diplomatic matrimonial choices, made in order to enhance his trade routes and expand his Kingdom. His first betrothal was to one of King Hirams daughters, solidifying his kinship with Tyre. This provided him with the materials necessary to build his fathers Temple. Another strategic marriage was to an Egyptian pharoahs daughter. As a dowry the pharaoh burnt down the city Gezer and gave it to Solomon.All in all Solomon had 700 wives and 300 concubines (Eban, 1984, p. 49-50). Historical and Archaeological Controversy In the last several years thither has been an abundance of historical and archaeological debate over the reigns of King David and King Solomon. According to Harkin (2006) archaeologist Israel Finkelstein and author Neil Asher Silberman state that, kings David and Solomon, though genuine historical figures were but bandit chiefs (p. 41). Finkelstein believes that Israel could not have reached its peak during the reigns of David and Solomon in the 10th century, but rather in the 8th or 9th.Finkelsteins account relies wholly on the lack of archaeological evidence to prove the institution of the monumental architecture described in the biblical accounts of David and Solomon (Harkin, 2006, pp. 41-48). However, their opinion is countered by several archaeological discoveries that have occurred over the last several years, resulting in their evidence being described as tendentiouslike a conspiracy theory (Harkin, 2006, p. 48). According to Blakely (2002) two maps of tenth century BC. E. ere open providing archaeological evidence of King David and King Solomons kingdom (p. 49). Then in 2003 a possible breakthrough breakthrough was made a piece of sandstone was unearthed said to be the first documented archaeological evidence of Solomons temple. Researchers at the Geological Survey of Israel examined the tablets and found them to be almost certainly genuine (Carpenter, 2003, p. 46). According to Bar-llan University archaeologist Gabrial Barkai, these tablets could be the most significant archaeological finding in yet in the land of Israel (Carpenter, 2003, p. 6). Further proof of the existence of King David and King Solomons kingdom was the amazing find of a 3000 plus structure by archaeologist Eilat Mazar which debunks Finkelsteins claim that David and Solomon were nothing but bandit chiefs (Halkin, 2006, pp. 41-48). Conclusion The tedious process of gathering archaeological information certainly takes time. Not just time but a great deal of clever maneuvering, as well as ready manpower and abundant monetary resources. Even if you do have permission to dig, there is modern day architecture to be worked around.One just cannot go around up heaving present day civilizatio ns in order to prove the existence of past civilizations. However, in the case of kings David and Solomon their existence has been proven time and time again. Backing up the biblical account is the Tel Dan Stele an Aramaic text uncovered in 1993 dated 835 B. C. E. which boasts of Hazael King of Damascus victory over northern Israels king Jehoram son of Ahab and southern Judahs Ahaziahu of the house of David (Halkin, 2006, p. 48).

How Will Science and Technology Improve Our Future?

Finding Median Graphically Marks inclusive series Conversion into exclusive series No. of students cumulative Frequency (x) (f) (C. M) 410-419 409. 5-419. 5 14 14 420-429 419. 5-429. 5 20 34 430-439 429. 5-439. 5 42 76 440-449 439. 5-449. 5 54 one hundred thirty 450-459 449. 5-459. 5 45 175 460-469 459. 5-469. 5 18 193 470-479 469. 5-479. 5 7 cc The median(prenominal) value of a series may be determinded through the graphic innovation of data in the form of ogives. This can be done in 2 ports. 1. Presenting the data graphically in the form of less(prenominal) than ogive or more than ogive . . Presenting the data graphically and simultaneously in the form of less than and more than ogives. The two ogives are drawn together. 1. Less than Ogive start out Marks Cumulative Frequency (C. M) Less than 419. 5 14 Less than 429. 5 34 Less than 439. 5 76 Less than 449. 5 130 Less than 459. 5 175 Less than 469. 5 193 Less than 479. 5 200 move involved in calculating median using less tha n Ogive approach 1. Convert the series into a less than cumulative frequency dispersion as shown above . 2. Let N be the core number of students whos data is given.N allow also be the cumulative frequency of the net interval. Find the (N/2)thitem(student) and mark it on the y-axis. In this case the (N/2)thitem (student) is 200/2 = 100thstudent. 3. Draw a perpendicular from 100 to the right to swing music the Ogive curve at point A. 4. From point A where the Ogive curve is put off, draw a perpendicular on the x-axis. The point at which it touches the x-axis will be the median value of the series as shown in the graph. The median turns out to be 443. 94. 2. more than than Ogive approach More than marks Cumulative Frequency (C. M) More than 409. 5 200 More than 419. 5 186 More than 429. 166 More than 439. 5 124 More than 449. 5 70 More than 459. 5 25 More than 469. 5 7 More than 479. 5 0 Steps involved in calculating median using more than Ogive approach 1. Convert the serie s into a more than cumulative frequency distribution as shown above . 2. Let N be the total number of students whos data is given. N will also be the cumulative frequency of the last interval. Find the (N/2)thitem(student) and mark it on the y-axis. In this case the (N/2)thitem (student) is 200/2 = 100thstudent. 3. Draw a perpendicular from 100 to the right to cut the Ogive curve at point A. . From point A where the Ogive curve is cut, draw a perpendicular on the x-axis. The point at which it touches the x-axis will be the median value of the series as shown in the graph. The median turns out to be 443. 94. 3. Less than and more than Ogive approach Another way of graphical determination of median is through simultaneous graphic presentation of both the less than and more than Ogives. 1. Mark the point A where the Ogive curves cut each other. 2. Draw a perpendicular from A on the x-axis. The corresponding value on the x-axis would be the median value.

Macbeth – Shakespeare

Macbeth, written in 1606, is one of Shakespe bes most adventurous inclines filled with ambition, fate, deception and treachery, centred around the casing of Macbeth, telling of extraordinary things from the witches deleterious magic to Macbeths change in fortune and personality. First his bravery, loyalty, and morality atomic number 18 conveyed to the audience before Shakespeare goes on to tell of his tragic dec fund into nuisance and of how he brutally obtains power and arrest everywhere others. At the time of the plays creation, society call backd intensely in the kitchen range of Being the concept of Gods strict, natural structure everyplace the universe.The great deal stuck by this for fear of the consequences. They didnt question spirits vicious wrath beca riding habit if they were to turn once morest it, it would be to defy the give of God and so had only God to answer to, dictating that it was therefore sinful for their subjects to resist them. Through deduct in scrap 11-3, Shakespeares audience is given countless reasons to look of Macbeth in a positive way, depicting him as the strong, heroic character, conveying to them all of his existencey laudable traits. This is firstly maneuvern done and through how others act towards him and what people think of him.He is related to a lion and eagle by the captain show he is thought of very extremely and is respected. Confidence, fierceness and determination are all lion equivalent qualities that are reflected in the character of Macbeth. This is proved when he heroically fights on in the battle as it continues. Secondly noble Macbeth questions the witches as he contemplates their prospects for him. He feels to be tycoon stands not within the prospect of belief so will leave it to chance as he k straightaways that sudden ambition is wrong.This declarative statement emphasises his refusal to act wrongly. Everyone values Macbeth and all believe he is an undreamt fighter and to emphasise thi s, Shakespeare uses a simile to show it to be true comparable valours minion curved out his passage. This portrays how Macbeth puts others before him and cares about them. Lastly you disregard see Macbeths loyalty as he talks to the witches because he has potential and wants to be a leader merely does not do anything about it when he is told he will be of a higher status he is shocked and refuses to believe that it may come true.This shows that he is good because he doesnt want to do anything to the King but protect him conveying his loyal traits. Macbeth however could besides been seen as having a potential for abomination in this scene. He is described as valours minion, this portrays him as a brave servant when he is a leader to many. This could as well as be seen as him being a vassal and that he is easily commanded highlighting his purposelessnesses challenging the idea of him soon to capture King.During the battle he is excessively said to have carved out his passage viewing a unkind and angry side to his personality later(prenominal) in the play when he murders innocent subjects. This could be utilize by his easy susceptibility later in the play by people such as the witches or his wife towards evil. The fact that the witches are going to meet Macbeth could suggest he is evil, as the witches are deemed evil and meddlesome. Being around the witches associates him with them and their evil doings, this is emphasised through their meeting place, A desolate place which is also lit by thunder and lightning.Because of its description it can be seen that they are almost removed from the peace of mind of the world and disconnected from God and the rest of humanity, which only makes it more villainous for Macbeth to be there. The witches also presage that he shall become the thane of Cawdor this is ironic because the previous thane was a traitor and tried to kill the king. This could suggest that Shakespeare is attempt to make Macbeth fit the mou ld of the previous thane, which would make him evil as well. bird Macbeth and her husbands strong kin is built on how they treat each other. For example, in scene 7 Lady Macbeth finds her husband washy and pathetic when he is not doing as she wants. She is able to manipulate him as she is stronger minded and he is all overly full oth milk of human kindness which portrays his positive traits and her negative spatial relation. Lady Macbeth is not happy unless she is in control so in order to make sure she is she uses repetitive phrases such as, wouldst thou in scene 7, line 41 and again in line 42.This is effective because it shows her point clearly making the reader believe shes right as she does to Macbeth later. She wants to teach Macbeth evil so he becomes like her as she thinks he can be figured out too easily your face, my thane, is as a book where men may read strange matters. Lady Macbeths ambition is to win and nothing else. This is shown through the language she uses. Lady Macbeth thinks highly of determination and authorisation but not only that, she wont settle until she has got what she wants which shows power.Lady Macbeth addresses her husband as thou, this infers that she already has control over him. It makes it easier to persuade Macbeth because you can see who the dominant one in their relationship is from the language they use with each other. Shakespeare has expressed her passion and determination through alliteration Hie thee hither this sounds strong willed and powerful and gives her actors line a scene of urgency as if she wants to get on with the murder and wont back down giving no survival but for Macbeth to contain with her.It also creates negative imagery as it sounds as if she is hissing, through the use of sibilance, which again relates her with evil. Lady Macbeth is shown to chastise Macbeth often showing how easily she can manipulate him. It also shows her superior nature and strength over her husband. To ensure that Macb eth follows through with their plan, Lady Macbeth wants to share her evil with him I may pullulate my spirits in thine ear she wishes to influence him so that he will be stronger as she believes she is superior to him.Shakespeare portrays Lady Macbeth as evil using the symbolic raven to do so. The raven doesnt only symbolise Lady Macbeth but also death and foreboding. This expresses her power and how she has managed to get her own way through her lies and deceit. When she says the raven himself is hoarse it symbolises Macbeths weak nature and how he will give into her so they will not fail as Lady Macbeth thinks she is always right. To show Lady Macbeths ambition her character uses many imperative statements unsex me here, from crown to the toe.This also shows she is anything but impulsive to back down and she is very demanding by her forceful nature. Lady Macbeth wants to be seen as more mannish so results in asking the spirits to take away her femininity because she doesnt thi nk shes string overflowing as a woman. This is also shown when she directs the spirits to take (her) milk for gall and make thick (her) blood this ruthless attitude shows how much she wants it and how shed do anything to get it again also showing how she believes she can beat nature.Her extreme evil attitude and her enthusiasm is shown through alliteration and superlative adjectives e. g direst creulty. When she uses the description of murthring ministers it emphasizes her passion and determination. Her dark verbiage associates her with evil and the witches and creates negative imagery as the witches are connected to villainous things. The incarnation Shakespeare uses gives the impression of foul changes and how they are against nature Nor promised land peep through the lightet of the dark.This verifies Lady Macbeths evilness as she is putting herself in the opposition to all that is good her husband, Heaven and God. This gives a strong affect as it emphasises and hints at his change magnitude change towards evil. Shakespeare also uses similes to show how Lady Macbeth is starting to control Macbeth more and more quickly. She orders him to look like th innocent flower, But be the serpent undert which means hide your feelings and emotions so that he doesnt get caught when committing the deed. This is other imperative statement showing she dominates him.In many of the phrases that Shakespeare uses in his play, Macbeth can be interpreted in more than one way for example, he thats coming must be provided for. This associates Lady Macbeth with the witches because it emphasises her control over Macbeth and how the witches have the same control over him. But it also connects her with darkness and the devil as she is preparing a feast but actually is planning on the death of the King. At this point Macbeth is starting to agree with his wife as she has manipulated him through her twisted words so that it sounds like the right thing to do.Macbeths soliloquy is ve ry powerful, at the beginning of scene 7, as he is debating whether to go through with the assassination. The scene in which this is performed represents his feelings. This is because the torches represent how he is not completely decided. They show how hes still half(prenominal) in darkness and half in light symbolising half in evil and half in good showing the darkness is slowly consuming him but hasnt yet. This can also be seen as the light symbolising of Duncans life and how it is ending and later when the torches have bygone out, he will be dead.The darkness also creates suspense and an eerie atmosphere leading to the unknown. Macbeths loyalty and kindness is shown clearly in this part of the play to show he would go through with the deed if there were no consequences and it could end all here. Although as this is not what would happen whence it would all be lead back to him and his reputation would be ruined. This shows the morality in how he feels uneasy about doing this and how he has be forced against his will and been persuaded into it. He shows fear and self-reproof by trying to talk himself out of their plan.Macbeth feels that he should be loyal towards the king as he has done no wrong towards himself and he has treated him well recently. Duncan is the guest so Macbeth should be protect him not bringing harm or death to him. He also thinks Duncan is a good King so does not want to hurt him and as he is hes kingman and subject thus he should be again protecting him against any other more obvious evil predators. Another way Macbeths conscience is seen is when he is talking to his wife. He sounds very unsure and unwilling to go through with the murder.It is easily seen as he uses euphemisms to replace the words death and murder for example, this business or taking off. This shows he is uncomfortable with the task and he doesnt want to come to terms with it. He thinks he has no reason to do it and that he us too afraid to theres no other reason bu t his vaulting ambition. This is shown through the language and vocabulary that Shakespeare has used. The surcease, success is emphasised through alliteration and sibilance, which again draws attention to how they have not failed with the murder yet.His use of personification is strong and bold tears shall drown the wind. This helps Macbeth persuade himself not to do it and shows he is valiant and trusting, as he wants to get out of the positioning. Using a soliloquy to show this makes it more personal which emphasises his emotions this whence builds tension making the scene more intense for the audience. Despite how much loyalty Macbeth has and how much he doesnt want to perform the dreadful deed, Lady Macbeth is powerful enough to overrule his decision and persuade him to head for the hills it out.Shakespeare uses many techniques, which makes her more dominant than Macbeth as she uses them to manipulate him. Firstly, Shakespeare uses rhetorical questions, one continuously afte r the other, which then makes Macbeth question himself through undermining him and patronising him Hath it slept since? This question leaves Macbeth finding himself without an answer leading him with no choice but to side with Macbeth. Another way that she does this is by attacking his masculinity and his soldier-like qualities using words like green and pale.She uses similes exchangeable the poor cat itha dage? which makes his feel pathetic and like he has to do it because she is relating him to the poor cat in the old story. Her declarative statements about his manhood appeals to his self esteem and pride. She uses reverse psychology and tells him to be so much more the man which makes him want to prove himself and show that she is wrong. This is also shown when she compares him to herself because she conveys how ruthless she is when she describes how she would dash the brains out of a baby and how if she said she would do something then she would follow through with it making Macbeth feel cowardly and weaker then his wife.This is very important to his appearance because the social aspect in that time was thought that any man was suppose to overall a woman. Lady Macbeth persuades her husband by using influential adjectives such as, dashed, plucked and boneless. This affective language emphasises the harsh reality of her strength and creates clear imagery showing her passion, which then motivates Macbeth to go through with her plan. She also uses his weaknesses to get her own way and directs her orders to him personally.Why did you leave the chamber? she starts to distant herself to make the situation more serious and make Macbeth realise that she refuses to fail. The alliteration that is used emphasises her anger and passion towards this procedure. An example of this is pass on of reason, this is very harsh sounding phrase so seems as if shes spitting out the words. Lastly she uses Macbeths words against him by mirroring and questioning them. We fail this makes her argument even stronger forcing him into agreeing with her. As she has an answer to everything he doubts he has no choice but to follow her in this devious arrangement.Although it appears that Lady Macbeth is the stronger of the two, the majority of the play is written in blank verse showing that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are some(prenominal) equal to each other as their patterns of speech are the same. This could be interpreted that Lady Macbeth goes from weaker to stronger and then back to weaker again as she turns insane later in the play where as Macbeth still has his emotions throughout the play although they may start to slowly fade, like his conscience, as evil takes over him but this shows their equal status. Lady Macbeth uses manipulation and immorality to turn Macbeths peck around.This shows he is easily convinced as at the beginning of the play he was completely against her secret plan but then went through with it in the end anyway. In Act 21, Macbeth is portrayed as an evil butcher rather than heroic. He says A heavy summon lies like lead upon me, And yet I would not sleep showing that nature is defying his sleep even though hes exhausted. Banquo uncovers how the chain of being has been interrupted level-headed by no husbandry in heaven. This seems as if there are no stars like heaven is saving energy. Macbeths evil increases throughout the play, which creates more and more evidence against him.In this scene he uses a lot of negative imagery inferring hes about to do wrong emphasising his evil. He talks about witchcraft and Tarquins attack strides as if its a good thing and he is comparing himself to him. In the part of Macbeths soliloquy, he sees a dagger. This motivates him to go through with the murder although it is not known who is doing this to him whether its him mind that is becoming more evil through Lady Macbeths teachings or the witches or hes hallucinating because they have disturbed the Chain of Being. This makes it harder for Macbeth to refuse.He also uses wads of phrases like That summons thee to Heaven, or to Hell which is significant because it is associated to funerals and death. Although, at the beginning he was completely against this plan, he is now lying to Banquo his friend and still calls him a friend although hes now become an enemy so its is ironic because he is the opposite. He seems, as he is almost comfortable with deceit and the whole idea. This is also shown when he says Hear it not, Duncan showing that he is now determined and confident that Duncan will not find out.Macbeth purposefully distances himself from good as he feels nature is against him. He is in great fear that it will give his plan away and that people might hear him. This is also linked to the Chain of Being about how it has been unbalanced. The play shows how Macbeths personality unravels throughout, move into evil. The people around him and the power that they withhold lead to his downfall. Shakespeare infer s that Lady Macbeth is partially to blame for Macbeths behaviour. He depicts her character as manipulating and controlling over Macbeth leading to his actions of murder.On the other hand, Macbeth is portrayed as a weak and cowardly character by not being able to defend himself and what is right resulting in his demise. The Chain of Being is an important theme in this play especially towards the end as everyone believed in it powerfully and some even believed that it could tell you what happened next. For example, at the end of the play it is suggested that Macbeth will die because he has gone against God and interrupted the cycle. Therefore Macbeths rapid descend into evil and Lady Macbeths wicked nature both played an equal part in his transformation from hero to villain.

Product Mix

INTRODUCTION Operating in everyplace 50 countries with more than than 100,000 people, Johnson & Johnson USA has been ranked 4 times in the heap Top 10 list of the about admired companies in the US. Johnson & Johnson (J&J) India, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson USA, is one of the leading players in the Indian pharmaceutical and consumer merchandises business. It has employee potence of over 1,800. It started business in India in 1947 in Bombay with Johnsons do by Powder, and, over time, introduced other products give c are toothbrushes, Johnsons coddle Cream and Prickly Heat Powder.Briefing about this world class company, we elicit prolong a glimpse on the interest points Global Manufacturer of pharmaceutics, Consumer Products and Medical Devices. Listed in Fortune 500 Companies Ranked 1st among 50 top Pharmaceutical companies 230 subsidiary companies with operations in over 57 countries. Well-known consumer products are the BAND-AID Brand line of bandages, Tylenol Medications , JOHNSONS BABY Products Produced its premier(prenominal) products in 1886 integrate in 1887 ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON served as the first President of the company.In 1910,JAMES WOOD JOHNSON succeeded him as President. William C. Weldon is the President (since 2002 Onwards) The other key fellow members of the company are William C. Weldon- Chairman ,Board of Directors Chairman ,Executive Committee Chief Executive Officer Christine A. Poon- Vice-Chairman ,Board of Directors Member ,Executive Committee Dominic J. Caruso Member, Executive Committee Vice President, Finance Chief Financial Officer. COMPANY STRUCTURE base on the principle of Decentralized Management.Executive Committee is the principal management group. Committee is trusty for the operations and allocation of the resources. Oversees and coordinates the activities of the three segments. Each subsidiary within the business segments is, with some exceptions, managed by citizens of the country where it is located. subordinate HOLDINGS Johnson & Johnson is a lavishlyly diversified company with at least 230 subsidiaries, which it refers to as the Johnson & Johnson Family of Companies. Some of these subsidiaries include ALZA participation muff Center, L. L. C. Johnson & Johnson, Group of Consumer Companies, Inc. Johnson & Johnson health Care Systems Inc. Johnson & Johnson Merck Consumer Pharmaceuticals Co. Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L. L. C. Pfizer Consumer J in INDIA Spread its grow in India during 1947. It was Mr. Patrick Whaley who set the foundation. Launched Johnsons corrupt cream and Prickly Powder. Product like bellodomma, pharmaceutical tapes were import from the parent company. In Sep. 957, a new company Johnson & Johnson India Ltd. was created and registered. Recently this company celebrated its 50 old age in India. SEGMENTS OF BUSINESS Johnson & Johnson is organized into three business segments Consumer Pharmaceutical M edical Devices and Diagnostics Consumer J manufactures and markets a broad turn over of products used in the fields like Baby and Child Care bark Care Oral and Wound Care Womens Health Care Nutritional and Over-the-counter Pharmaceutical Products MAJOR BRANDS Some of the major Brands of J are AVEENO ( scratch up Care Products) BAND-AID (Brand Adhesive Bandages) CLEAN & CLEAR (Teen Skin Care Products) JOHNSONS BABY (Baby Products) NEUTROGENA (Skin and Hair Care Products) REMBRANDT (Brand of Oral Care Products) SPLENDA (No Calorie Sweetener) return PORTFOLIO PRODUCT MIX J is known not only for the quality service & types of products but in any case for the mixture & range of products. It has a huge list of Product draw and quarters with enormous depth in each line. It also has a tremendous width & depth in its Product Mix. Its Product Lines are in the following segments?Baby & Child Care ? Skin Care ? Oral and Wound Care ? Womens Health Care ? Nutritional and Over-the- counter ? Pharmaceutical Products ? Medical Devices and Equipment. Some of the Products in the Product Line of Baby & Child Care are as0 Baby Hair Oil 0 Baby Soap 0 Baby Cream 0 Baby Body Lotion 0 Baby rub off Oil 0 Baby Powder 0 Baby Nappy Pads 0 Baby Shampoo J has done the Brand Line extension in the products like Hair Oil, Soap, Cream, Massage Oil, Powder & Shampoo by launching these products in various fragrance & colours.In todays changing times, where people have become more conscious towards their health & thus moving towards native products, they prefer using J products over other Brands. J has captured the customers by Positioning itself as a Company providing Natural products devoid of chemicals. Thus its graph of Customer Confidence Index is high as compared to other Brands. Not only the Kids & New Born, but also the teenagers & upper age group customers have been the Target of J. It has its products flowing for every age group & in every segment. Some of the products i n the product line of Skin Care are0 0Aveeno (Brand for Skin Care Products) Clean & put one over face wash 0 Clean & Clear Cream 0 Clean & Clear killing Milk 0 Neutrogena (Brand for Skin & Hair Care products) 0 Body Lotion etc. J also has its Oral Care products by the name Rembrandt. It also has its No Calorie Sweetener by the name Splenda. Product Line Length of J in Pharmaceuticals is huge. The products are for various Therapeutic uses such as0 Anti Fungal 0 Anti-Infective 0 Cardiovascular 0 Contraceptive 0 Dermatology 0 Gastrointestinal and many more Band-Aid is one of the most popular pharmaceutical products of J.Product Line of J in Medical Devices & Equipments is also quiet impressive. 0 0 It includes a broad range of products distributed to Wholesalers, Hospitals & Retailers. Used principally in the professional fields by Physicians, Nurses, Therapists, Hospitals, Diagnostic Laboratories and Clinics. Products include Cordis circulatory disease management products, DePuys o rthopedic joint reconstruction and spinal care products. Vistakons ACUVUE Disposable Contact Lens. whiz Touch Brand Blood Glucose Meters from LifeScan, Inc. P. F. C. Sigma Knee System from DePuy, Inc. 0 0 0 0J&J also has several womens Health Care products. Thus J&J has metameric the market in a way so as to target Kids, Teenagers, Women & also people those are conscious about Natural products. It has strongly covered the market by diversifying itself into Pharmaceuticals & Manufacturer of Medical Equipments & devices. MILESTONES 1989 Introduced the first test fit out for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C. 1996 Introduced the first test kit to screen blood for antigens to HIV-1, the virus that is responsible for the vast majority of AIDS cases in the U. S. 997 Introduced the first fully automated blood banking system in Europe. 1999 Introduced the first fully automated blood and plasma screening system. 2000 Introduced the first blood screening kit for HCV antigen. A WARDS & RECOGNISATION In the year 2005 J&J was recognized by National Safety Council for the excellence in environmental, health and safety management. In the year 2006 Working Mother Magazine named J&J in best 100 places to work for mother. Fortune magazine ranked J&J in 9th present in over all industry and also listed it in the America most admired companies in 2006.In the year 2007 J&J receive the Spark Award for the new packing and advertizement campaign. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Centre of Health, Environment and Justice AND J&J launched PVC consumer campaigns. real a PVC phase out policy in June 2007 Signed the Compact for Safe Cosmetics. A pledge to make safe products. Eco-Friendly Endeavours 0 0 Reached a settlement with the U. S. govt. in December 2006. Installed a ZERO discharge cooling tower water treatment system. Help-age 0 0 0 Donated to TSUNAMI relief efforts in Asia.Gave $10 million to September 11 , 2001 victims. Working to reduce its jet-propelled plane house gas emissions. Environmental Policy 0 0 0 0 0 0 Integrating Environmental goals. Striving for ZERO WASTE. 100% resource efficiency. Enhancement of environment. Utilizing innovative technologies. Fostering environmental ETHICS. CREDO 0 0 0 0 0 0 Our first responsibility doctors, nurses, mothers, fathers, consumers. Everything of high quality. Constantly strive to reduce costs. Customers orders -serviced properly. Suppliers & distributors make profit.Envt. is the ultimate human health issue. FUTURE PLANS J&J Corporation has a very good perception of India. This has been supported by good results in the country. The first moment is bullish, and is supported by a high level of confidence in the Indian management team up and more investments likely in the coming years. Double-digit increase is forecast for the India operations. India would be a key growth driver for J&J worldwide. J&J is also exploring the opportunities for setting up BPO operations in the country.

Brave New World Essay

Rhetorical Mode and PurposeIt is better that one should suffer than that many should be corrupted.? Existing under a soci every(prenominal)y oppressive g everywherenment, Bernard Marx constantly endures mental distress as a consequence of his unorthodox views. In Brave natural World by Adolf Huxley, the primary protagonist struggles to role his bitterness and disgruntled opinions, but the repressive World State tyrannize the society, and he ultimately loses his get by in becoming exiled. Narrated in the third person, Huxley lucubrate a technocratic goernment where signs of emotions are rendered treacherous and fundamental consumerism nominates the core of society. However, even more revolting is the unconscionable replication of nature finished mass cloning, affirming the sledding of everything fundamentally human. Through Brave New World, Huxley warned past governments who sought to increase effectiveness and stability, and continues to admonish the innovational realism, a gainst increasing government intervention. Through narration, Huxley provides a panoramic scope of the horrific details and events residing under the manipulate of a domineering government that asserts its omnipresence in all aspects of life.PASSAGE 1 (114-116)I chose this musical passage for both analytical purposes and interest value. Its surfeit in sentence structure variations stood out as a highly appealing passage to be analyzed, and the language efficaciously aroused suspense out of me.As the world of the savages unravels before Lenina?s eyes, her disgust heightens with each event that takes place, furthering repelling her from the culture. The underlying tone of hypnotic forethought leads the audience through a series of events that build towards the climatical action of the passage. Through hertzic syntax that propels the scene forward, dissonant diction and savage details, Huxley provides a lurid atmosphere as the lead-in to the grievous act of sacrifice.Immediately , cacophonous diction begin to agitate the auditory senses. ?Harsh metallic? male voices state the ?shrill? cries of the women initiates a perturbed mood and foreshadows deplorable events. As the audience?s sense of hearing wears away, ?a ghastly troop of monsters hideously masked or painted out of all semblance of kindness? enters to disconcert the visual senses. Nothing more than monsters completely devoid of human aspects. Monsters capable of executing actions that would break Lenina?s society. Anticipation builds as the shrieks become ?louder and louder? their dances, ? binge and round? and ?round and round? again.Their actions echo in successions of hypnotic movements that lull the reader into a trancelike state. ?More and more,? the leader flings black snakes ?brown and mottled.? The weekly sentence emphasis this final action as a symbol of savagery and remnant of a primitive culture that ultimately disgusts Lenina. Dull diction such as ?brown and mottled? assembles a dr ab layer of atmosphere that looms over the tribal ritual. Adverbs and conjunctions advance toward additional events that further feed anticipation. ?And and accordingly the dance began?Then the leader gave a signal?Then the grey man lifted his hand.? syntax and diction continue to build suspense as it mounts toward a most horrific action event.Semicolons and commas turn tail as the dominant driving force behind the passage. Instead of inserting common periods, Huxley surrogates punctuations as a physical contact between closely related details that incrementally build towards the summit. Without paragraph breaks to detract from the anticipation, the events flow in a continuous stream while sentence lengths and punctuations determine the rhythm and pacing. The compound-complex sentences are brought to a sudden turn back with the ceasing of the drums. ?The drums stopped whipstitch, life seemed to stimulate come to an end.? The device that signaled life halts suddenly and a se ries of mediocre length sentences supercedes the recollective ones. Just as the storm the eye of the hurri toilettee provides temporary respite, the momentary arrest of the beating only creates further anticipation, leaving the reader waiting for the other half of the hurricane. Rather than satiating expectations, syntax lurches the rhythm suddenly to induce greater anticipation and thirst so that when it resumes, the resulting effect will be of greater collision.The scene shifts from the panoramic view to focus on the interaction between two specific characters, the doddering man and the boy. Analogous syntax structure directs attention to the progression of actions. ?The old man clapped his work force?The old man made the sign?The boy moved on Succinct details are entirely by imagery or flowery language that would detract from the crucial suspense-arousing events. ?The coyote-man raised his whip in that respect was a long moment of expectancy, then a swift movement, the whi stle of the last and its loud flat- experting impact on the flesh.? The actions of the savages tapestry the shroud of luridity that continue to repel Lenina while the clause between the semicolon and comma reverberate the silence before the strike of the whip.At last, the ?whistle? signifies the anticipated action that syntax, details and diction have all along foreshadowed. ?Twice, thrice, four times round he went?.Five times round, six times round? Seven times round.? Lone words that constitute sentences and telegraphic phrases cut by commas reflect the sound of the lashes. Enumeration of each lash as if a scene from a movie being compete in slow motion, grants equivalent emphasize of the pain from each blow. ?A few drops fell, and suddenly the drums stone-broke out again into a panic of hurrying notes there was a great shout.? The anticipation is at last satiated confirmed by the abrupt burst of drums.PASSAGE 2 (142 144)The details and diction in this passage was striking in conveying basin?s fascination with Lenina. It immediately evoked in my mind a scene from Sleeping Beauty where the Prince stumbles upon the fascinate Princess.Lenina?s introduction to John at this point of the novel likens to a scientific experiment where a new and exotic life form is presented in a previously pedestrian environment. John, engrossed with every aspect about Lenina, adopts a crucify position and invests her with rapt wonderment. Upon finding her possessions, he takes immediate fascination to his discovery and indulges himself in her relics. John?s actions reflect that of a worshipper. Thus, Huxley employs a tone of reverent infatuation to manifest John?s worship of Lenina.Dominated by alluring details, the passage aims to manifest John?s unqualified adoration for Lenina. Without delay, olfactive appeal works to captivate John by providing a sense of familiarity, an indication of Lenina?s presence. In ?breathing Lenina?s perfume? and discovering ?a cloud of scente d powder?, he conveys his fanatic infatuation, and then continues to ?fill his lungs with her essential being.? A meager waft proves inadequate to satiate John?s desires. Instead, he relishes in bliss, the effusive outpouring of her presence, breathes in her scents like a drug, and allows it to pervade all of his internal organs. In addition, he imagines the ?touch of her smooth skin against his face, while other tactile details confirm his desirous longing for her. As if in the presence of a goddess, he executes his actions with the most scrupulous care. Bending over the precious box, he touched, he lifted into the light, he examined.Polysyndetons and parallel structures emphasizes each action as trenchant entities with equivalent importance. Commas retard the process so as to display not cursory haste, but picky devotion not coarseness, but refinement and not brashness, but the delicacy of a worshipper in tending to a higher life form. Abstract diction continue to manifest Joh n?s obsessive attachment to Lenina. Huxley attributes her possessions with desirous diction, labeling her perfume as delicious, her box as precious, her puzzle, a delight. John becomes charm by her divine possessions, and muses over Lenina reverently.Delving further into the passage, comparative details attributed to Lenina and syntax portraying John as a stalker crack the extent of his infatuation. Metaphors ascribe enigmatic aspects to Lenina, which intrigues John and plunges him into enchantment. Infatuated, he derives pleasure from unriddling her bewitched apparels. A simple pair of velveteen shorts likens at ? first-year a to a puzzle, then solved, a delight.? Lenina, furnisher of magically exotic appeal, jolts excitement into his previously mundane life of savagery. Huxley portrays her through John?s eyes as analogous to a mystery to be demystified, lock to be unlocked, cipher to be deciphered ? all of which fascinates John and builds on his infatuation. However, his conspic uous adoration becomes suppressed into a concealed form when agitation forms over the possibility of being discovered.Covert syntax anddiction depict John as an infatuated stalker. ?He heard something ? something like a sigh, something like the creak of a board.? Huxley purposefully employs ambiguous diction such as ?something? as opposed to concrete observable details. Disclosing her hiding position, Lenina?s appearance gradually comes into scope. John replies with slipthy obsession and strategically planned actions, reflected by extra inserts of commas that mirror his wary movement. ?He tiptoed to the opening and, cautiously opening it, found himself looking on to a broad landing.? With enchanting metaphors and furtive syntax, literary devices continue to manifest John?s infatuation.Upon reaching the climatical action of John finally disclosing Lenina?s position, the tone ultimately assumes one of consummate reverence. Descriptive details of Lenina fast asleep enhances her chast e qualities. ?So beautiful in the midst of her curls, so touchingly childish with her pink toes?so trustful in the help slightness of her limp hands and melted limbs, that the tears came to his eyes.? Excessive use of the adverb ?so? heightens the degree of her qualities, implying an domain life-form inspiring awe. The child-like characteristics solicits sacred protection from John. Huxley?s delineation of her as ?limp? and ?melted? with a ? sincere? sleeping face suggests death and ascendance into heaven. John, captivated, reveres her as one would of a goddess.Complex-compound sentences embroiders her purity and innocence while allusions to Shakespeare?s Romeo and Juliet continues to attribute divinity. ?On the white wonder of dead Juliet?s hand, may size/ And steal immortal blessing from her lips.? Comparison to Juliet further implies the notion of her resemblance to a goddess possessing immortality and an ethereal aura. In a humble manner, John ?very slowly, with the hesitating gesture? reach out to affirm the heavenly presence. However, his hands ?hung trembling? as he ruminates on the sacrilegious. Dare he ?profane? with his ?unworthiest? hand? Awe-inspiring details and sacredly connotated diction avouch the tone of infatuated reverence.PASSAGE 3 (232 233)The tone of this passage was not presented by the narration or characters in the novel, but rather created by a passage from a book being read by one ofthe characters. I thought it was interesting to analyze a tone inside a passage of a passage.The abstract and metaphysical level of Brave New World reaches its apex when Mustapha Mond proceeds to read a passage from Maine de Biran?s book that justifies man?s eventual submission to God. While Biran holds the creed that individuals ultimately lose control of their lives and inevitably capitulate to the raise siren call of God, Mond challenges that with the World State, one never experiences loss and thus will never undertake counsel of religion. Huxley employs a tone of forensic instructiveness to allow both sides to present their cases effectively.Persuasive syntax utilized in Biran?s excerpt efficaciously compels the audience to assume his position. Immediately, the passage adopts the structure of a stately argument with Biran?s proposal of his thesis. ?We are not our own any more than what we possess is our own. We did not make ourselves, we cannot be supreme over ourselves. We are not our own masters. We are God?s property.? Simultaneous use of the pronoun ?we?, and three consecutive negatives carves away at the monolith of individual confidence. The anaphora build transparent progression toward the thesis, whose brevity and sole affirmative adverb grants emphasis on unity with god.Also, rhetoric use of first person point of view lends itself to the notion that this pertains to all. Biran?s argument develops into a tone of instructiveness so as to provide support, illustrated by the transition, ?take this for example.? Rep etitions in diction function to acknowledge the opposition. to have to think of zilch out of sight, to be without the irksomeness of continual acknowledgements, continual prayer, continual reference.? Syntactical analysis of Biran?s introduction reveal a tone of forensic instructiveness.Upon setting up the premise, Biran now proceeds to counter the opposition by providing rational support. The extensive length and complexity of the sentences that follow, broken down logically by semicolons and commas, carries the reader through a step by step process of rationally reaching a valid deduction. Diction, as well as syntax, justify man?s ultimatesubmission to religion. With transitions such as ? facial expression thus? and ?from which,? the progression towards the conclusions likens to a mathematical proof abundant with derivations. Anaphoric use of ?as the? and ?less? exhibits an inverse relationship between aging and the sentiments that prevented dependence on religion.Thus, with agin g, ?God emerges as from behind a cloud? of with omnipotence, indicated by a series of fate-associated diction. ?Naturally,? one turns to God when he loses control of his world, and will ?inevitably? submit under his ?absolute? and ?everlasting? power. With spiritual and abstract diction, Biran?s concepts appeal spiritually and strait cleansing. ?So pure so delightful to the soul.? The elongated sentence ultimately reaches its objective, its emphasis granted by a single dash. ? ? a reality, an absolute and everlasting truth.? Enhanced by mathematical instructiveness and persuasive diction, Biran effectively presents his case.After introducing Biran?s position, Mond assumes the tone of forensic instructiveness. He promptly proposes a qualified argument ?You can only be independent of God while you?ve got youth and prosperity.? Mond builds his case upon the assertion that so long as one attains new-fangled desires and lives without the fear of death from old age, religion holds no si gnificance in their life. Transitions prove to be the driving force of Mond?s counter-argument. ?Well, we?ve now got youth, what follows? Evidently, that we can be independent of God.? His argument, equal to Biran?s, progresses logically and employs first person pronouns as well. ?And why should we go hunting for a substitute for youthful desires when desires never fail He summarizes his position with comparative rhetorical questions that juxtaposes both sides of the argument. The inquires detract rationale from Biran?s assertions while promoting his alternate solutions. Through forensic instructiveness, Mond?s counter-argument proves to be efficacious as well.